Pediatric cataract

A pediatric cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye that occurs in infants or children, which can lead to impaired vision or blindness if not treated promptly. This condition can be present at birth (congenital) or develop later in childhood.

Causes of Pediatric Cataracts

• Genetic Factors: Congenital cataracts can be inherited or result from genetic mutations.
• Infections During Pregnancy: Maternal infections such as rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, or syphilis can cause cataracts in the developing fetus.
• Metabolic Disorders: Conditions such as galactosemia or diabetes can lead to cataract formation.
• Trauma: Injury to the eye can cause cataracts in children.
• Systemic Diseases: Conditions like neurofibromatosis or Lowe syndrome can be associated with pediatric cataracts.
• Radiation Exposure: Exposure to radiation, such as during cancer treatment, can lead to cataract development.

Symptoms of Pediatric Cataracts

• Cloudy or Hazy Vision: The child may have difficulty seeing clearly.
• White or Gray Pupil: The pupil may appear white or gray instead of black.
• Misaligned Eyes (Strabismus): The eyes may not align properly.
• Nystagmus: Involuntary eye movements.
• Visual Impairment: The child may exhibit signs of poor vision, such as not recognizing faces or objects, difficulty tracking moving objects, or not responding to visual stimuli.
• Squinting or Tilting Head: The child may squint or tilt their head to try to see better.

Diagnosis

• Comprehensive Eye Exam: Conducted by a pediatric ophthalmologist, including visual acuity tests, slit-lamp examination, and dilated eye examination.
• Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may be used to examine the internal structures of the eye and rule out other conditions.

Benefits of Early Treatment

• Prevention of Amblyopia: Early removal of the cataract and appropriate visual rehabilitation can prevent amblyopia, ensuring better visual development.
• Improved Vision: Surgical treatment can significantly improve vision, allowing the child to achieve better visual outcomes.
• Enhanced Development: Clear vision is essential for overall development, including motor skills, learning, and social interactions.
• Better Quality of Life: Early treatment helps children perform daily activities more effectively and participate fully in school and play.