Phacoemulsification

Phacoemulsification is a modern surgical technique used to remove cataracts from the eye. Cataracts are a condition where the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to impaired vision. Phacoemulsification involves the use of ultrasonic energy to emulsify the clouded lens, which is then aspirated out of the eye, and a clear artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted in its place.

Procedure Steps

• Anesthesia: Local anesthesia (usually in the form of eye drops) is administered to numb the eye.
• Corneal Incision: A small incision, typically 2-3 mm, is made in the cornea to allow access to the lens.
• Capsulorhexis: A circular opening is created in the lens capsule (the membrane that holds the lens in place) to access the cataract.
• Phacoemulsification: An ultrasonic handpiece (phaco probe) is inserted through the incision. The probe emits ultrasonic waves to break the cloudy lens into tiny fragments. The fragments are then suctioned out of the eye using the same probe
• IOL Implantation: A foldable artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is inserted through the same incision and positioned inside the lens capsule.
• Incision Closure: The small corneal incision is usually self-sealing and may not require stitches.

Benefits of Phacoemulsification

• Minimally Invasive: The procedure involves a very small incision, reducing tissue damage and promoting faster healing.
• Shorter Surgery Time: Phacoemulsification typically takes about 10 to 15 minutes per eye, making it a quick and efficient procedure.
• Faster Recovery: Patients often experience rapid visual improvement and can resume normal activities within a few days. The small incision size contributes to quicker recovery and less postoperative discomfort.
• Reduced Risk of Complications: Smaller incisions lower the risk of complications such as infection, bleeding, and induced astigmatism. The precision of the ultrasonic emulsification process minimizes trauma to the eye.
• Improved Visual Outcomes: The placement of a clear intraocular lens restores vision by replacing the cloudy natural lens. Modern IOLs can correct pre-existing refractive errors (e.g., myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism), potentially reducing the need for glasses after surgery.
• High Success Rate: Phacoemulsification is a highly successful procedure with a very high rate of improved vision post-surgery. It is the most commonly performed cataract surgery worldwide due to its effectiveness and safety.
• Versatility: The procedure can be adapted for patients with various types and densities of cataracts. Suitable for patients of all ages, though predominantly performed on older adults with age-related cataracts.
• Outpatient Procedure: Phacoemulsification is typically performed on an outpatient basis, allowing patients to go home the same day.